The list below describes all ENIGI publications, ordered by theme.
General:
Dekker MJ et al. A European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence: Endocrine Part. J Sex Med. 2016 Jun;13(6):994-9
Wierckx K et al. Cross-sex hormone therapy in trans persons is safe and effective at short-time follow-up: results from the European network for the investigation of gender incongruence. J Sex Med. 2014 Aug;11(8):1999-2011
van Dijk D et al. Explorative Prospective Evaluation of Short-Term Subjective Effects of Hormonal Treatment in Trans People-Results from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence. J Sex Med. 2019 Aug;16(8):1297-130
Defreyne et al. Sexual orientation in transgender individuals: results from the longitudinal ENIGI study. Int J Impot Res. 2021 Jan 22
Cocchetti et al. The ENIGI (European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence) Study: Overview of Acquired Endocrine Knowledge and Future Perspectives. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 1784
Body composition:
de Blok CJM et al. Breast Development in Transwomen After 1 Year of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Feb 1;103(2):532-538
Klaver M et al. Changes in regional body fat, lean body mass and body shape in trans persons using cross-sex hormonal therapy: results from a multicenter prospective study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018 Feb;178(2):163-171
Tebbens M et al. Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment Induces Facial Feminization in Transwomen and Masculinization in Transmen: Quantification by 3D Scanning and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. J Sex Med. 2019 May;16(5):746-754
Wiepjes CM et al. Change in grip strength in trans people and its association with lean body mass and bone density. Endocr Connect. 2019 Jun 1
Van Velzen DM et al. Variation in sensitivity and rate of change in body composition: steps toward individualizing transgender care. Eur J Endocrinol. 2020 Nov;183(5):529-536
Bone health:
Van Caenegem E et al. Low bone mass is prevalent in male-to-female transsexual persons before the start of cross-sex hormonal therapy and gonadectomy. Bone. 2013 May;54(1):92-7
Van Caenegem E et al. Preservation of volumetric bone density and geometry in trans women during cross-sex hormonal therapy: a prospective observational study. Osteoporos Int. 2015 Jan;26(1):35-47
Van Caenegem E et al. Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case-controlled study (ENIGI). Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Feb;172(2):163-71
Wiepjes CM et al. Bone Mineral Density Increases in Trans Persons After 1 Year of Hormonal Treatment: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Jun;32(6):1252-1260
Vlot MC et al. Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment Decreases Bone Turnover in Transwomen and Older Transmen. J Bone Miner Res. 2019 Oct;34(10):1862-1872
Cardiovascular health:
Defreyne J et al. Prospective evaluation of hematocrit in gender-affirming hormone treatment: results from European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence. Andrology. 2018 May;6(3):446-454
van Velzen DM et al. Cardiometabolic Effects of Testosterone in Transmen and Estrogen Plus Cyproterone Acetate in Transwomen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jun 1;104(6):1937-1947
Van Velzen et al. The effect of transgender hormonal treatment on high density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity. Atherosclerosis 2021 Apr;323:44-53
Scheres et al. Effect of gender affirming hormone use on coagulation profiles in transmen and transwomen. J Thromb Haemost 2021 Apr;19(4):1029-1037
Cocchetti et al. Does Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment Affect 30-Year Cardiovascular Risk in Transgender Persons? A Two-Year Prospective European Study (ENIGI). J Sex Med 2021 Apr;18(4):821-829
van Velzen et al. Change in visceral fat and total body fat and the effect on cardiometabolic risk factors in transgender hormone therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jan 1;107(1):e153-e164
Schutte et al. The effect of transdermal gender-affirming hormone therapy on markers of inflammation and hemostasis. PLoS ONE 17(3): e0261312
Dermatology:
Wierckx K et al. Short- and long-term clinical skin effects of testosterone treatment in trans men. J Sex Med. 2014 Jan;11(1):222-9
Cocchetti et al. Effects of hormonal treatment on dermatological outcome in transgender people: a multicentric prospective study (ENIGI). J Endocrinol Invest. 2022 Nov 8
Endocrinology:
Fuss J et al. Cross-sex hormone treatment in male-to-female transsexual persons reduces serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015 Jan;25(1):95-9
Auer MK et al. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is not regulated by testosterone in transmen. Biol Sex Differ. 2016 Jan 8;7:1
Auer MK et al. 12-months metabolic changes among gender dysphoric individuals under cross-sex hormone treatment: a targeted metabolomics study. Sci Rep 2016.
Nota NM et al. Prolactin levels during short- and long-term cross-sex hormone treatment: an observational study in transgender persons. Andrologia. 2017 Aug;49(6)
Defreyne J et al. Transient Elevated Serum Prolactin in Trans Women Is Caused by Cyproterone Acetate Treatment. LGBT Health. 2017 Oct;4(5):328-336
Auer MK et al. Effects of Sex Hormone Treatment on the Metabolic Syndrome in Transgender Individuals: Focus on Metabolic Cytokines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Feb 1;103(2):790-802
Wiepjes CM et al. Changes of Vitamin D-Binding Protein, and Total, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Transgender People. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jul 1;104(7):2728-2734
Shadid S et al. Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Insulin Sensitivity and Incretin Responses in Transgender People. Diabetes Care. 2020 Feb;43(2):411-417
Defreyne J et al. Lower serum estradiol levels in assigned female at birth transgender people with initiation of testosterone therapy: results from ENIGI. LGBT Health. 2020 Feb/Mar;7(2):71-81
Stangl et al. Is there a need for liver enzyme monitoring in people using gender-affirming hormone therapy? Eur J Endocrinol 2021 Apr;184(4):513-520
Kuijpers et al. Toward a lowest effective dose of cyproterone acetate in trans women: Results from the ENIGI study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Sep 27;106(10):e3936-e3945
Tebbens et al. The role of estrone in feminizing hormone treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jan 18;107(2):e458-e466
Collet et al. Changes in serum testosterone and adrenal androgen levels in transgender women with and without gonadectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Oct 6;dgac576
van Eeghen et al. Cystatin C–based eGFR changes during gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender individuals. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023) 18(12), 1545-1554.
Fertility:
Vereecke G et al. Characterisation of testicular function and spermatogenesis in transgender women. Hum Reprod. 2021 Jan 1;36(1):5-15
Gynecology:
Defreyne J et al. Vaginal bleeding and spotting in transgender men after initiation of testosterone therapy: a prospective cohort study (ENIGI). Int J Transgend Health. 2020 Feb 12
Mental well-being:
Defreyne J et al. No correlation between serum testosterone levels and state-level anger intensity in transgender people: Results from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence. Horm Behav. 2019 Apr;110:29-39
Defreyne et al. Sexual desire changes in transgender individuals upon initiation of hormone treatment: results from the longitudinal ENIGI study. J Sex Med. 2020 Apr;17(4):812-825
Matthys et al. Positive and Negative Affect Changes during Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment: Results from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence (ENIGI). J Clin Med. 2021 Jan 14;10(2):296
Morssinkhof et al. Sex hormones, insomnia, and sleep quality: Subjective sleep in the first year of hormone use in transgender persons. Sleep Medicine 107 2023: 316-326.
Morssinkhof et al. Changes in depression symptom profile with gender-affirming hormone use in transgender persons. J Affect Disord. 2023 Dec 27;348:323-332.
Voice:
Bultynck C et al. Self-perception of voice in transgender persons during cross-sex hormone therapy. Laryngoscope. 2017 Dec;127(12):2796-2804
ENIGI study 